Aptos is a Layer1 public chain project initiated by former team members of Facebook (later renamed Meta) stablecoin project Diem (formerly Libra), with the goal of building the safest and most scalable Layer1 blockchain.

Provides a web3 that can bring mainstream adoption and empowers the building of an ecosystem of decentralized applications to solve real-world user problems.

Web3 is the future trend. With more and more users of blockchain and Web3, the demand for infrastructure and performance will increase. At this time, a good infrastructure is needed to match the rapid development in the future. Although technology is constantly iterating to promote the development of the industry, the current blockchain faces two main problems of high transaction fees and low throughput, which are also one of the main reasons for restricting the growth of Web3 users.

Aptos improves the overall performance of scalability, security and decentralization, and adopts a modular approach to build a decentralized application ecosystem for Web3 to solve current problems. Language system: Adopt a secure and flexible blockchain language - Move language; it is designed for secure resource management and verifiable execution on the blockchain. Transaction execution is deterministic, closed, and metered. Deterministic and closed means that the output of transaction execution is completely predictable and based only on the information contained in the transaction and the current ledger state. 2. Proof-of-stake DiemBFT Byzantine Fault Tolerant Consensus Mechanism: Four iterations have been carried out in the past three years, which has improved the transaction confirmation speed and the stability of the blockchain. When one-third of the verification nodes fail, it can still be used. Ensure stable operation. 3. In terms of security: support the ability of any account to rotate its private key. Validators can periodically rotate their consensus keys to improve security. Multi-agent transactions also enable a wider range of composable patterns and use cases. 4. Scalability: by parallelizing account transactions while retaining control over transaction ordering, consider alternative implementations of more flexible and composable parallelism for fast and flexible state for lightweight, complete, archiving and validating nodes Management support. 5. Upgradability: Managed by the verifier's management and configuration through the on-chain state, it is convenient for the community to vote and perform upgrades quickly. Robust testing and deployment practices ensure safe and reliable deployments. 6. Gas fee: Support multiple currencies to pay for gas, so that there is only one non-gas token in the wallet and the transaction cannot be performed. The gas price of all transactions is ordered and confirmed to be executed.

Release time: 2022-10-12 Issue price: $1 Token supply: Unlimited supply Token allocation: 51.02% for the community, 19% for core contributors, 16.5% for foundation, 13.48% for investors.

Aptos tokens will be used for transaction and network fees, protocol upgrades and governance voting for on-chain/off-chain processes, as well as securing the blockchain through a proof-of-stake model. Transaction and network fees: All Aptos transactions have a gas unit price, allowing validators to prioritize transactions with the highest value in the network. 2. Network Governance: Every feature change and improvement on Aptos will go through several stages of proposal, implementation, testing and deployment; and this structure provides an opportunity for interested parties and stakeholders to feedback, share concerns and suggestions; therefore Compared to other blockchains, Aptos encodes its configuration on-chain. To provide flexibility and configurability to the support process, Aptos will support on-chain governance, where APT holders can vote based on the weight of APT they hold. 3. POS consensus mechanism: To participate in transaction verification on Aptos, verifiers must have a minimum number of Aptos; verifiers decide the distribution of rewards between themselves and their respective brackets; Declarers can choose any number of verifiers and assign them of APTs for a pre-agreed split of rewards; any validator node operator with a sufficient share can join Aptos.

Staking in Aptos is similar to other POS-based networks, but has some different features. The voting power of each validator is proportional to the validator's share. If a validator's stake rises to a certain amount in the total token supply, it will allow them to control the outcome of the consensus. To solve this problem, Aptos has a limit on the stake share of any validator. After a certain staking cap is exceeded, validators will no longer be rewarded. This mechanism is set up to suppress the behavior of validators maliciously controlling the consensus results.

Simple yet powerful Move programming language The Move programming language is derived from Meta and was originally a programmable language that provided security features for the stablecoin Libra blockchain. Therefore, in terms of security performance, the Move language has an absolute advantage, and the Move language can also greatly improve the running speed. Compared with Solidity, the current high-level smart contract language running on Ethereum, the Move programming language is simple and easy to use. 2. The new Move virtual machine The Move virtual machine is favored by many blockchain developers, mainly because the Move language is simple, flexible and easy to use, and the development cost for the project side is also low. Compared with the EVM virtual machine using the Solidity language, the information, interaction, and even transactions in the Move virtual machine are very simple, which also benefits from the simplicity of the Move language. 3. Smart contracts can be upgraded Aptos has made a great breakthrough in the upgrade of smart contracts. If a project on the Aptos application layer finds that the project needs to be upgraded, it can be upgraded directly on the application side. This upgrade is completely incomprehensible on the user side. Yes, the automatic upgrade of smart contracts is realized. This advantage of Aptos completely prevents the smart contract from being upgraded after the project party is attacked by hackers, resulting in a soft rug.

The new smart contract programming language Move, which is a programming language more suitable for digital assets, adapted to the needs of the blockchain. 2. Improve the leader rotation mechanism, increase the node reputation system, and reduce the impact of a single node failure on the network. 3. Developed Block-STM smart contract parallel execution engine to improve the efficiency of transaction execution. 4. Using appropriate node structure, develop a series of different state synchronization protocols to achieve effective and rapid state synchronization.

It is different from the Solidity language used by most public chains to be compatible with Ethereum. The biggest highlight of Aptos is the adoption of a new development language Move, which was originally designed for the development of the Diem project. It focuses on the security, scalability and upgradeability of the blockchain, and can achieve high transaction throughput. volume and low latency.

Meta series projects: Aptos, Sui, Linera, with similar development stages and fierce competition. Compared with the other two public chains of the Meta series, Aptos has a certain first-mover advantage in ecological construction. Aptos is known as the fastest and most friendly public chain of TPS when its main network is not online.

Capital level: Aptos top-tier capital is all on board, including A16Z, Coinbase, Tiger Global, Binance, FTX, Duobi, Sanjian, and even Paypal Venture. Sui is only partially top-notch, but the valuation is all 2 billion, which is basically the same. 2. Team level: Aptos basically has only one founder who belongs to the original Libra team, and there are 5 or 6 Libra members on Sui’s side. 3. Ecological level: They are not yet on the main network, but Aptos is far ahead. There are more than 100 ecological projects VS Sui, and Aptos wins. 4. Technical differences: Aptos has a key rotation and recovery technology, which is more friendly than the current wallet, and the gas fee does not have to be Aptos, and supports multi-currency gas. Sui has a mechanism for voting gas, which ensures that the gas fee is relatively stable when there is congestion, and users need to pay a storage fee in addition to the exchange fee to deal with the problem of full node state explosion. The big difference in technology is mainly about parallel computing and TPS.

Insufficient decentralization. Facing the "impossible triangle" problem of the public chain, Aptos tends to be high-performance, and the decentralization of nodes is weak. 2. Technological innovation is limited. Aptos mainly improves the performance of the public chain. The main innovative technologies are smart contract programming languages and account types, and no more disruptive technologies are proposed. 3. Aptos ecological projects are not innovative enough, advantageous projects have not yet appeared, and many projects come from other ecosystems such as Solana.

Aptos' goal is to build a scalable, secure, trustworthy and upgradeable (scalability, safety, reliability, and upgradeability) smart contract platform that can meet the needs of billions of people on the blockchain in the future. Its technical focus is on scalability and security. The main technological innovation of Aptos lies in account types and programming languages. The technologies it uses are also basically involved in public chains such as Solana. However, it tries to optimize the system architecture to achieve a better performing and more secure network.